Intro:
If you’ve heard about solar energy but aren’t sure what a “solar PV system” actually is, don’t worry, you’re not alone. Whether you’re a homeowner thinking about cutting your energy bills or a business looking to reduce your carbon footprint, understanding the basics is the first step.
In this beginner-friendly guide, we’ll explain exactly what a solar PV system is, how it works, and what you need to know before installing one.
1. What Does ‘PV’ Stand For?
PV stands for Photovoltaic. A solar PV system uses photovoltaic cells (usually in solar panels) to convert sunlight into electricity.
These systems are different from solar thermal systems, which use the sun to heat water. Solar PV is about generating electricity, for powering your lights, appliances, devices, and more.
2. What Are the Main Parts of a Solar PV System?
A typical solar PV setup includes:
- Solar Panels: Usually mounted on your roof or a ground frame, these panels capture sunlight and generate DC electricity.
- Inverter: This device converts the DC electricity from the panels into AC electricity, the type your home or business uses.
- Generation Meter: Tracks how much energy your system produces.
- Battery Storage (Optional): Stores excess energy so you can use it later, for example, at night or on cloudy days.
- Export Meter (for SEG): Allows you to export unused electricity back to the grid and get paid via Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) schemes.
3. How Does a Solar PV System Work?
Here’s a simple step-by-step breakdown:
- Sunlight hits the solar panels, generating DC electricity.
- The inverter converts it into usable AC electricity.
- Your property uses this electricity to power lights, appliances, etc.
- Any unused energy is either stored (if you have a battery) or sent back to the grid.
- You draw electricity from the grid only when needed (like at night or in winter).
4. Do Solar Panels Work When It’s Cloudy or Raining?
Yes, solar panels still work in cloudy weather, just at reduced efficiency. In the UK, a well-installed system can generate electricity all year round, even on overcast days.
5. How Much Space Do I Need?
A typical UK home solar PV system (around 3.5kW–4kW) needs roughly 15–20m² of roof space. Larger systems for businesses or public buildings will vary depending on the energy demand and available space.
6. What Are the Benefits of Solar PV?
- ✅ Lower energy bills
- ✅ Reduced carbon footprint
- ✅ Protection from rising energy costs
- ✅ Long system lifespan (25+ years)
- ✅ Increased energy independence
7. Is It Right for You?
If you own your property, have a suitable roof (ideally south-facing with minimal shading), and use electricity during the day, a solar PV system could be a great fit.
Commercial buildings, schools, farms, and community centres can benefit even more due to larger scale and higher daytime usage.
Final Thoughts:
A solar PV system is a clean, efficient way to take control of your energy. It might seem technical at first, but once you understand the basics, it’s clear why so many homes and businesses across the UK are making the switch.
Got Questions or Ready to Start?
At Genfit, we make solar simple. Whether you want a quick chat or a detailed quote, our team is here to help. Just get in touch — we’ll guide you through it, no jargon, no pressure.